| Yuen Long District | ||
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| - District - | ||
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| Coordinates: 114°01′20″E 114°01′20″E | ||
| Country | China | |
| Special administrative region | Hong Kong | |
| Constituencies | 31 | |
| Government | ||
| • District Council Chairman | Leung Che-cheung, MH,JP (DAB) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 138.43 km (53.45 sq mi) | |
| Population (2006) | ||
| • Total | 534,192 | |
| • Density | 3,900/km (10,000/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | Hong Kong Time (UTC+8) | |
| Website | Yuen Long District Council | |
Yuen Long District (Chinese: 元朗區, Jyutping: jyun4 long5, pinyin: Yuánlǎng, formerly known as Un Long) is one of the districts of Hong Kong. Located in the northwest of the New Territories, it had a population of 449,070 in 2001. The district has the youngest population of Hong Kong.
Yuen Long District contains the largest alluvial plain in Hong Kong, the Yuen Long-Kam Tin plain. With an area of 144 km², the district covers many traditional villages including Ping Shan Heung, Ha Tsuen Heung, Kam Tin Heung, Pat Heung, San Tin Heung and Shap Pat Heung, as well as Yuen Long Town and Tin Shui Wai.
Two new towns have been developed within this district. Yuen Long New Town was developed from the traditional market town of Yuen Long Town from the late 1970s. Tin Shui Wai New Town has developed since the early 1990s, and is built on land reclaimed from former fish ponds once common in the district.
Since the Tang Dynasty, the Tang's clan has been living in Pat Heung. Like Tai Po, Yuen Long used to be a traditional market town.
The Tin Hau Festival (天后誕巡遊) is on the 23rd of the third month of the lunar calendar. It celebrates the birth of a local deity, Tin Hau. During the day, residents from various walled villages parade on the two major streets in Yuen Long Town.
Hong Kong Wetland Park (香港濕地公園) is located at the northern part of Tin Shui Wai. It was intended to be an ecological mitigation area (EMA) for the wetlands lost due to Tin Shui Wai New Town development. In 1998, a project named as "International Wetland Park and Visitor Centre Feasibility Study" was initiated by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and the Hong Kong Tourism Board with a view to expanding the EMA to a wetland ecotourism attraction. After concluding that it was feasible to develop a wetland park at the EMA site without compromising its intended ecological mitigation functions and the development of the Wetland Park will also enhance the ecological function of the EMA to a world-class conservation, education and tourism facility, the concerned parties started the Wetland Park Project, which is regarded as one of the Millennium projects by the Administrations.
Kat Hing Wai (吉慶圍) in Kam Tin is one of the District's best-known walled villages. It is the ancestral home of the Tangs, one of the "Five Great Clans" in the territory. Built by the Tangs 500 years ago, it is a rectangular walled village with an area of 100 metres by 90 metres. As a family stronghold, Kat Hing Wai has served the Tangs well through centuries. In the Qing Dynasty, a five metre high blue brick wall and four cannon towers were added to defend bandits.
Route: West Rail Line Kam Sheung Road Station or KMB routes 54, 64K and 77K
Mai Po Marshes (米埔) is located in the centre of the wetland and has achieved international significance as a stopping and feeding place for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australian Flyway. The birdwatching season runs from October to May and more than 300 types of birds have been recorded in the area, many of them are rarely seen anywhere outside the region.
Visitors may go to Mai Po by the following ways:
On 30 Jan 2004, the Government suspended public visits to the Mai Po wetland reserve as a supposed measure to protect people from avian flu (H5N1).
Ping Shan Heritage Trail (屏山文物徑), inaugurated on 12 December 1993, was designed to link several historic buildings and monuments owned by the Tang clan in Ping Shan (including Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda 聚星樓 and Tang Ancestral Hall 鄧氏宗祠) by a 1 km trail.
Route: LRT Ping Shan Stop, Hang Mei Tsuen Stop or West Rail Line Tin Shui Wai Station
Tai Fu Tai Mansion (大夫第) in San Tin was probably built in 1865 in the reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is a richly embellished residence situated on a spacious ground, with a large open space in the front and a garden at the back. The whole compound is surrounded by a green-brick wall. It is a fine example of traditional Chinese dwellings of the scholar-gentry class and is certainly one of the most elegant buildings throughout the territory.
Route: KMB Bus 76K to San Tin
Tai Lam Country Park is at the west of New Territory with an area of 54 km². Tai Lam has a small area of porphyry in the northeast; for the remaining area, it is composed of highly erodible decomposed granite. In 1952, afforestation started as a measure to protect the water catchment area. In spite of the poor soil conditions and the setbacks of fire damage over the years, mature stands of Acacia confusa, Lophostemon confertus, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus species now cover most of the area. In addition, the plantations also offer a good habitat for birds, pangolins, Chinese leopard cat, and barking deer. Nevertheless, Tai Lam is an excellent place for outdoor activities because of its remoteness.
Yuen Long Park (元朗市鎮公園) is a park at Yuen Long Town with recreational facilities. There is a 7-storey pagoda enclosing an aviary, which has become a landmark of Yuen Long.
Route: LRT Shui Pin Wai Stop, LWB bus E34 or KMB Bus 68X, 264M, 269D, 276, 276P, 268B, 268C, B1 (get off the bus at Yuen Long Park.)
Located in the northwest of the New Territories, Yuen Long has a well-developed public transport network. It is easily accessible from different parts of Hong Kong by bus, mini-bus or railway.
| Demographic characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Population | 449,070 | |
| Proportion of population (%) | Aged under 15 | 20 |
| Aged 15-64 | 71 | |
| Aged 65 and over | 9 | |
| Median age | 33 | |
| Proportion of population aged 15 and over being never married (%) | Male | 32 |
| Female | 27 | |
| Education | ||
| School attendance rate of population aged 6-18 (%) | 92.9 | |
| Proportion of non-student population aged 20 and over having attained tertiary education (%) | 10.9 | |
| Labour force characteristics | ||
| Labour force | 219,444 | |
| Labour force participation rate (%) | Male | 74.0 |
| Female | 48.2 | |
| Both sexes | 60.9 | |
| Median monthly income from main employment of working population (HK$) | 10,588.7 | |
| Household characteristics | ||
| Number of domestic households | 137,211 | |
| Average domestic household size | 3.2 | |
| Median monthly domestic household income (HK$) | 16,763.5 | |
| Housing characteristics | ||
| Number of occupied quarters | 136,705 | |
| Average number of domestic households per unit of quarters | 1.01 | |
| Proportion of domestic households owning the quarters they occupy (%) | 48.15 | |
| Median monthly domestic household mortgage payment and loan repayment (HK$) | 7,693.83 | |
| Median mortgage payment and loan repayment to income ratio (%) | 24.63 | |
| Median monthly domestic household rent (HK$) | 2,513.04 | |
| Median rent to income ratio (%) | 16.36 | |
Entering into the 2004, development in Yuen Long has been carried out very rapidly. The West Rail project and other major infrastructural projects have all changed the face of Yuen Long from an old market town into a vibrant and dynamic district.
Apart from the West Rail project, Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor (深港西部通道), the fourth cross border route, between Hong Kong and mainland China has been completed and was opened in 2007. The site chosen in Hong Kong is Ngau Hom Shek (鰲磡石), located at the North West of Yuen Long and that in the mainland is near Shekou, the busiest harbour port. The bridge is 5.5 km long and the expected traffic capacity is 80,000 car per day. It will benefits residents in Yuen Long because going to mainland China will only take 15 minutes.
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