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Terminologia Histologica ▪ Sale

The Terminologia Histologica is a controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology. In April 2011, Terminologia Histologica was published online by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FCAT.

It was intended to replace Nomina Histologica. The Nomina Histologica was introduced in 1977, with the fourth edition of Nomina Anatomica.

It was developed by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology.

Outline [edit]

• h1.00: Cytology [1]
• h2.00: General histology [2]
  • H2.00.01.0.00001: Stem cells [3]
  • H2.00.02.0.00001: Epithelial tissue [4]
    • H2.00.02.0.01001: Epithelial cell
    • H2.00.02.0.02001: Surface epithelium
    • H2.00.02.0.03001: Glandular epithelium
  • H2.00.03.0.00001: Connective and supportive tissues [5]
    • H2.00.03.0.01001: Connective tissue cells
    • H2.00.03.0.02001: Extracellular matrix
    • H2.00.03.0.03001: Fibres of connective tissues
    • H2.00.03.1.00001: Connective tissue proper
    • H2.00.03.1.01001: Ligaments
    • H2.00.03.2.00001: Mucoid connective tissue; Gelatinous connective tissue
    • H2.00.03.3.00001: Reticular tissue
    • H2.00.03.4.00001: Adipose tissue
    • H2.00.03.5.00001: Cartilage tissue
    • H2.00.03.6.00001: Chondroid tissue
    • H2.00.03.7.00001: Bone tissue; Osseous tissue
  • H2.00.04.0.00001: Haemotolymphoid complex [6]
    • H2.00.04.1.00001: Blood cells
    • H2.00.04.1.01001: Erythrocyte; Red blood cell
    • H2.00.04.1.02001: Leucocyte; White blood cell
    • H2.00.04.1.03001: Platelet; Thrombocyte
    • H2.00.04.2.00001: Plasma
    • H2.00.04.3.00001: Blood cell production
    • H2.00.04.4.00001: Postnatal sites of haematopoiesis
      • H2.00.04.4.01001: Lympoid tissue
  • H2.00.05.0.00001: Muscle tissue [7]
    • H2.00.05.1.00001: Smooth muscle tissue
    • H2.00.05.2.00001: Striated muscle tissue
  • H2.00.06.0.00001: Nerve tissue [8]
    • H2.00.06.1.00001: Neuron
    • H2.00.06.2.00001: Synapse
    • H2.00.06.2.00001: Neuroglia
• h3.01: Bones [9]
• h3.02: Joints [10]
• h3.03: Muscles [11]
• h3.04: Alimentary system [12]
• h3.05: Respiratory system [13]
• h3.06: Urinary system [14]
• h3.07: Genital system [15]
• h3.08: Endocrine system [16]
• h3.09: Cardiovascular system [17]
• h3.10: Lymphoid system [18]
• h3.11: Nervous system [19]
• h3.12: The Integument [20]

References [edit]

See also [edit]

• Terminologia Embryologica
• International Morphological Terminology

v t e Medical classification Topographical codes TA · TH · TE · SNOMED T axis · MeSH A axis Diagnostic codes general: ICD-10 · ICD-9 · ICPC-2 · NANDA · Read codes · SNOMED D axis specialized: ICD-O · ICSD · ICHD · ILDS · DSM-IV · BPA Procedural codes HCPCS (CPT, Level 2) · ICD-10 PCS · ICD-9-CM Volume 3 · NIC  · SNOMED P axis · OPS-301 · Read codes/OPCS-4 · CCAM · ICHI · LOINC Pharmaceutical codes ATC · NDC · SNOMED C axis · DIN Outcomes codes NOC

v t e Histology: Epithelial proteins (TH H1.00.01.1) Lateral/cell-cell Cell adhesion molecules: Adherens junction Cadherin Desmosome Desmoglein Ion channels: Gap junction/Connexon Connexin Cytoskeleton: Desmosome Desmoplakin Plakoglobin Tonofibril other membrane proteins: Tight junction Claudin Occludin MARVELD2 Basal/cell-matrix Basal lamina Hemidesmosome/Tonofibril Focal adhesion Costamere Apical Cilia/Kinocilium Microvilli/Stereocilia (STRC) B strc: edmb (perx), skel (ctrs), epit, cili, mito, nucl (chro)

v t e Structures of the cell / organelles (TH H1.00.01.2-3) Endomembrane system Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Parenthesome Autophagosome Vesicles Exosome Lysosome Endosome Phagosome Vacuole Cytoplasmic granules Melanosome Microbody Glyoxysome Peroxisome Weibel–Palade body Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Prokaryotic cytoskeleton MTOCs Centrosome Centriole Basal body Spindle pole body Myofibril Endosymbionts Mitochondrion Plastids Chloroplast Chromoplast Gerontoplast Leucoplast Other internal RNA Ribosome Vault Cytoplasm Proteasome External Undulipodium Cilium Flagellum Axoneme Radial spoke Cell wall Acrosome B strc: edmb (perx), skel (ctrs), epit, cili, mito, nucl (chro)

v t e Histology: Epithelial tissue (TH H2.00.02) Epithelial cells Columnar epithelial cell Cuboidal epithelial cell Squamous epithelial cell Surface epithelium Simple squamous epithelium Endothelium Mesothelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Respiratory epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium/Urothelium Gland/ glandular epithelium Classification (exocrine, endocrine) Mechanism Merocrine Eccrine Apocrine Holocrine Sebaceous Meibomian Shape Tubular gland Alveolar gland Secretion Serous glands Mucous glands Components Myoepithelial cell Serous demilune Ducts: Interlobar duct Interlobular duct Intralobular duct Striated duct Intercalated duct Acinus/Lobe See also Template:Epithelial neoplasms

v t e Connective Tissue (TH H2.00.03) Physiology Soft tissue Fibrosis Scarring Classification Connective tissue proper Loose Reticular Adipose Brown White Dense Dense irregular connective tissue Submucosa Dermis Dense regular connective tissue Ligament Tendon Aponeurosis Embryonic Mucoid Mesenchymal Specialized Cartilage Bone Composition (Histology) Cells Resident Fibroblast Fibrocyte Reticular cell Tendon cell Adipocyte Melanocyte Wandering cell Mast cell Macrophage Extracellular matrix (noncellular) Ground substance Tissue fluid Fibers Collagen fibers Reticular fibers: COL3A1 Elastic fibers: Elastin Fibrillin FBN1 FBN2 FBN3 EMILIN1 Elaunin See also: Template:Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas M: INT, SF, LCT anat/phys/devp noco (i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr (n/e/d), sysi/epon proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11) M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3)

v t e Histology: Muscle tissue (TH H2.00.05, H3.3) Smooth muscle Calmodulin · Vascular smooth muscle Striated muscle Skeletal muscle Costamere/ DAPC Membrane/ extracellular DAP: Sarcoglycan (SGCA, SGCB, SGCD, SGCE, SGCG, SGCZ) · Dystroglycan Sarcospan · Laminin, alpha 2 Intracellular Dystrophin · Dystrobrevin (A, B) · Syntrophin (A, B1, B2, G1, G2) · Syncoilin · Dysbindin · Synemin/desmuslin related: NOS1 · Caveolin 3 Sarcomere/ (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines) Myofilament (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin) Tropomyosin Troponin (T, C, I) Connective tissue Epimysium · Fascicle · Perimysium · Endomysium · Connective tissue in skeletal muscle General Neuromuscular junction · Motor unit · Muscle spindle · Excitation-contraction coupling · Sliding filament mechanism Cardiac muscle Myocardium · Intercalated disc · Nebulette Both Fiber Muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal) · Myofibril · Microfilament/Myofilament · Sarcomere Cells Myoblast/Myocyte · Myosatellite cell Other Desmin · Sarcoplasm · Sarcolemma (T-tubule) · Sarcoplasmic reticulum Other/ ungrouped Myotilin · Telethonin · Dysferlin · Fukutin · Fukutin-related protein M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3)

v t e Histology: nervous tissue (TA A14, GA 9.849, TH H2.00.06, H3.11) CNS General Grey matter · White matter (Projection fibers · Association fiber · Commissural fiber · Lemniscus · Funiculus · Fasciculus · Decussation · Commissure) · meninges Neuroglia Myelination: Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte (Radial glial cell) · Ependymal cells (Tanycyte) · Microglia Other Pyramidal · Purkinje · Granule Neuropil PNS General Posterior (Root, Ganglion, Ramus) · Anterior (Root, Ramus) · rami communicantes (Gray, White) · Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers · Postganglionic nerve fibers) Connective tissues epineurium · perineurium · endoneurium · nerve fascicle Neuroglia Myelination: Schwann cell (Neurolemma, Myelin incisure, Myelin sheath gap, Internodal segment) Satellite glial cell Neurons/ nerve fibers Parts Perikaryon (Axon hillock) Axon (Axon terminals, Axoplasm, Axolemma, Neurofibril/neurofilament) Dendrite (Nissl body, Dendritic spine, Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite) Types Bipolar · Unipolar · Pseudounipolar · Multipolar · Interneuron (Renshaw) Afferent nerve fiber/ Sensory nerve GSA · GVA · SSA · SVA fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain) Efferent nerve fiber/ Motor nerve GSE · GVE · SVE Upper motor neuron · Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron, β motorneuron) Termination Synapse Electrical synapse/Gap junction · Chemical synapse (Synaptic vesicle, Active zone, Postsynaptic density) · Ribbon synapse · Neuromuscular junction Sensory receptors Meissner's corpuscle · Merkel nerve ending · Pacinian corpuscle · Ruffini ending · Muscle spindle · Free nerve ending · Olfactory receptor neuron · Photoreceptor cell · Hair cell · Taste bud M: CNS anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D) M: PNS anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (N1B)

v t e Musculoskeletal system · connective tissue: bone and cartilage (TA A02.0, TH H3.01, GA 2.86–95) Cartilage perichondrium fibrocartilage callus metaphysis cells (chondroblast chondrocyte) types (hyaline elastic fibrous) Bone Ossification intramembranous endochondral Cycle osteoblast osteoid osteocyte osteoclast Types cancellous cortical Regions subchondral bone epiphysis epiphyseal plate/metaphysis diaphysis Condyle Epicondyle Structure osteon / Haversian system Haversian canals Volkmann's canals connective tissue (endosteum periosteum) Sharpey's fibres enthesis lacunae canaliculi trabeculae medullary cavity bone marrow Shapes long short flat irregular sesamoid M: BON/CAR anat (c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M5)

v t e Joints (TA A03.0, TH H3.02, GA 3.284) Types fibrous: Gomphosis Suture Syndesmosis Interosseous membrane cartilaginous: Synchondrosis Symphysis synovial: Plane joint 1° Hinge joint Pivot joint 2° Condyloid joint Saddle joint 3° Ball and socket joint synostosis by range of motion: Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis Terminology Kinesiology Anatomical terms of motion Agonist/Antagonist Motions general: Flexion/Extension Adduction/Abduction Internal rotation/External rotation Elevation/Depression specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction Supination/Pronation specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion Eversion/Inversion Components capsular: Articular capsule Synovial membrane Fibrous membrane Synovial fluid Synovial bursa Articular disk/Meniscus extracapsular: Ligament Enthesis M: JNT anat (h/c, u, t, l)/phys noco (arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M01C, M4)

v t e Head and neck anatomy, digestive system: Mouth anatomy (TA A05.1–2, TH H3.04.01, GA 11.1110–2, 1125–1141) Mouth Oral cavity (including mucosa) Vestibule Lip (Upper, Lower, Vermilion border, Frenulum of lower lip, Labial commissure of mouth, Philtrum) Cheek (Buccal fat pad) Oral cavity proper Palate/ roof of mouth Hard palate · Soft palate · Palatine raphe · Incisive papilla Gingiva Interdental papilla · Gingival sulcus · Gingival margin · Free gingival margin · Gingival fibers · Junctional epithelium · Mucogingival junction · Sulcular epithelium · Stippling Periodontium: Cementum · Gingiva · Periodontal ligament Glands Parotid gland/Parotid duct · Submandibular gland/Submandibular duct · Sublingual gland/Major sublingual duct Teeth see tooth anatomy Tongue dorsum (Taste bud, Median sulcus, Terminal sulcus, Foramen cecum, Lingual tonsils) · ventral surface (Frenulum, Fimbriated fold, Sublingual caruncle) · Anterior · Posterior · Glossoepiglottic folds · Lingual septum Oro-pharynx/ fauces Oropharyngeal isthmus/Isthmus of the fauces Soft palate (Uvula, Palatoglossal arch, Palatopharyngeal arch, Plica semilunaris of the fauces) Tonsillar fossa Palatine tonsil M: MOU anat/devp noco/cofa (c)/cogi/tumr, sysi proc (peri), drug (A1)

v t e Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract, excluding mouth (TA A05.3–7, TH H3.04.02-04, GA 11.1141) Upper GI Hypo- pharynx Piriform sinus spaces: Peripharyngeal space Retropharyngeal space Parapharyngeal space Retrovisceral space Retropharyngeal space Danger space Prevertebral space Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Pharyngeal muscles Esophagus UES LES Esophageal glands Serosa / Adventitia Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Stomach by region: Greater curvature Lesser curvature Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal by layer: Serosa Muscular layer Pyloric sphincter Submucosa Gastric mucosa Muscularis mucosa Gastric rugae Gastric pits Gastric gland Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Goblet cell Lower GI Intestine: small Layers Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Circular folds Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Peyer's patches Intestinal villus Intestinal gland Duodenum Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenal cap Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner's glands Jejunum no substructures Ileum Terminal ileum Ileocecal valve Intestine: large Layers Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa Cecum Vermiform appendix Colon ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid colon continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix Rectum Transverse folds of rectum Rectal ampulla Anal canal Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Sphincter ani internus muscle Intersphincteric groove Sphincter ani externus muscle Anus M: DIG anat (t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

v t e Anatomy of torso, digestive system: accessory digestive glands (TA A05.8–9, TH H3.04.05-07, GA 11.1188) Liver diaphragmatic surface: Bare area of the liver Ligamentum venosum visceral surface: Gastric impression Duodenal impression Colic impression Renal impression Suprarenal impression Porta hepatis Round ligament of liver lobes: Left lobe Right lobe (Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe) Fibrous capsule of Glisson Perisinusoidal space Liver sinusoid Periportal space Portal triad Lobules of liver cells: Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell Biliary tract Bile ducts intrahepatic (from Bile canaliculus and Canals of Hering): Interlobular bile ducts Left hepatic duct Right hepatic duct extrahepatic: Common hepatic duct Gallbladder by region: Body Fundus Neck Cystic duct Common bile duct Hepatopancreatic ampulla (Sphincter of ampulla) cells: Cholecystocyte Pancreas by region: Tail Body Neck Head (Uncinate process) ducts: Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct by function: Islets of Langerhans Exocrine component of pancreas cells: Centroacinar cell Pancreatic stellate cell M: DIG anat (t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

v t e Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdomen/Abdominal cavity and Pelvis/Pelvic cavity and Peritoneal cavity (TA A10, TH H3.04.08, GA 4.408 and GA 11.1147) Extraperitoneal space Retroperitoneal space Retropubic space Peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and folds Abdominal From ventral mesentery Lesser omentum: Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Liver: Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament) Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it) From dorsal mesentery Greater omentum: Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery: Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon Mesoappendix Root of the mesentery Splenorenal ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Folds: Umbilical folds (Supravesical fossa, Medial inguinal fossa, Lateral umbilical fold, Lateral inguinal fossa) Ileocecal fold Abdominal cavity Greater sac Omental bursa Omental foramen General Cystohepatic triangle Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space Abdominal wall (Inguinal triangle) Peritoneal recesses: Paracolic gutters Paramesenteric gutters Urogenital peritoneum Uterus/ovaries Broad ligament of the uterus (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium) Ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of the ovary Recesses ♂: Recto-vesical pouch Pararectal fossa ♀: Recto-uterine pouch Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) Vesico-uterine pouch Ovarian fossa Paravesical fossa M: DIG anat (t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

v t e Anatomy: Lower RT respiratory system (TA A06.3–5, TH H3.05.02, GA 11.1084) TB tree Trachea Tracheal rings Annular ligaments of trachea Carina Bronchus main bronchus right left lobar/secondary bronchi eparterial bronchus segmental/tertiary bronchi Lungs General Left lung/Right lung Base/Apex Root/Hilum Superior lobe Lingula of left lung/Middle lobe of right lung Inferior lobe borders: Anterior border Cardiac notch Posterior border Inferior border surfaces: Costal surface Mediastinal surface Cardiac impression Diaphragmatic surface fissures: Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure BP segment Bronchiole: Conducting zone (Terminal bronchiole) Respiratory zone (Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolus Blood-air barrier) Cells Pneumocyte (Type I pneumocyte Type II pneumocyte) Clara cell Goblet cell M: RES anat (n, x, l, c)/phys/devp noco (c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (R1/2/3/5/6/7)

v t e Anatomy: urinary system (TA A08, TH H3.06, GA 11.1215) Abdomen Kidneys Layers Renal fascia Renal capsule Renal cortex Renal column Renal medulla Renal sinus Renal pyramids medullary interstitium Renal lobe Cortical lobule Medullary ray Nephron Intrarenal arteries Renal artery Segmental arteries Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent arterioles Renal tubule Renal corpuscle Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Descending Thin ascending Thick ascending Distal convoluted tubule Connecting tubule Collecting ducts aka Duct of Belini Renal papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Intrarenal veins Efferent arterioles Peritubular capillaries/Vasa recta Arcuate vein Interlobar veins Renal vein JGA Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium/Extraglomerular mesangial cell Filtration Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium/Intraglomerular mesangial cell Tubular fluid Ureters Orifice of ureter Adventitia Muscular layer Mucosa Ureteropelvic junction Pelvis Bladder Apex Uvula Neck Median umbilical ligament Muscular layer Trigone Detrusor Mucosa Submucosa Urethra Urethral sphincters External sphincter muscle of male urethra External sphincter muscle of female urethra Internal sphincter muscle of urethra M: URI anat/phys/devp/cell noco/acba/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, urte proc/itvp, drug (G4B), blte, urte

v t e Female reproductive system (TA A09.1–2, TH H3.07.01, GA 11.1254) Internal Adnexa Ovaries Follicles corpus hemorrhagicum luteum albicans Theca of follicle externa interna Follicular antrum Follicular fluid Corona radiata Zona pellucida Membrana granulosa Perivitelline space Other Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea cortex Cumulus oophorus Stroma Medulla Fallopian tubes Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum Fimbria Ostium Ligaments Proper of ovary Suspensory of ovary Wolffian vestiges Gartner's duct Epoophoron Vesicular appendages of epoophoron Paroophoron Uterus Regions corpus/body Uterine cavity Fundus cervix/neck External orifice Canal of the cervix Internal orifice Supravaginal portion of cervix Vaginal portion of cervix Cervical ectropion Uterine horns Layers Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Parametrium Ligaments Round ligament of uterus Cardinal ligament Uterosacral ligament Pubocervical ligament General Uterine glands Vagina Fossa of vestibule of vagina Vaginal fornix Hymen External Vulva Labia Mons pubis Labia majora Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Pudendal cleft Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Frenulum of clitoris Vulval vestibule Interlabial sulci Bulb of vestibule Vaginal orifice vestibular glands/ducts Bartholin's glands/Bartholin's ducts Skene's glands/Skene's ducts Clitoris Crus of clitoris Corpus cavernosa Clitoral glans Hood Urethra Urethral crest Lacunae of Morgagni Other G-Spot Urethral sponge Perineal sponge M: ♀ FRS anat/phys/devp noco/cong/npls, sysi/epon proc/asst, drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)

v t e Male reproductive system (TA A09.3–4, TH H3.07.02, GA 11.1236) Internal Seminal tract Testes layers Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa testis Appendix Mediastinum Lobules Septa Leydig cell Sertoli cell Blood-testis barrier Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocyte Spermatidogenesis Spermatid Spermiogenesis Spermatozoon Other Seminiferous tubules Tubuli seminiferi recti Rete testis Efferent ducts Epididymis Appendix Stereocilia Paradidymis Spermatic cord Vas deferens Ampulla Ejaculatory duct Accessory glands Seminal vesicles Excretory duct of seminal gland Prostate Urethral crest/Seminal colliculus/Prostatic utricle/Ejaculatory duct Prostatic sinus/Prostatic ducts Bulbourethral glands External Penis root Crus Bulb Fundiform ligament Suspensory ligament body Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum glans Foreskin Frenulum Corona fascia superficial/subcutaneous deep/Buck's Tunica albuginea Septum of the penis Urinary tract Internal urethral orifice Urethra Prostatic Intermediate Spongy Navicular fossa External urethral orifice Lacunae of Morgagni Urethral gland Scrotum layers skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremaster/Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia Perineal raphe M: ♂ MRS anat/phys/devp noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (G3B/4BE/4C)

v t e Human anatomy, endocrine system: endocrine glands (TA A11, TH H3.08, GA 11.1269) Islets of pancreas Alpha cell Beta cell Delta cell PP cell Epsilon cell Hypothalamic/ pituitary axes +parathyroid Pituitary Posterior pituitary Pars nervosa Median eminence Infundibular stalk Pituicyte Herring bodies Anterior pituitary Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis Pars distalis Acidophil cell Somatotropic cell Prolactin cell Basophil cell Corticotropic cell Gonadotropic cell Thyrotropic cell Chromophobe cell Thyroid axis Thyroid gland Thyroid isthmus Lobes of thyroid gland Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland Follicular cell Parafollicular cell Parathyroid gland Chief cell Oxyphil cell Adrenal axis: Adrenal gland Cortex Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis Medulla Medullary chromaffin cell Gonadal axis Gonad: Testes Ovaries Corpus luteum Pineal gland Pinealocyte Corpora arenacea Other Enteroendocrine cell Paraganglia M: END anat/phys/devp/horm noco (d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)

v t e Anatomy of torso, cardiovascular system: heart (TA A12.1, TH H3.09.01, GA 5.524) General Surface base · apex · grooves (coronary/atrioventricular, interatrial, anterior interventricula, posterior interventricular) · surfaces (sternocostal, diaphragmatic) · borders (right, left) · Openings of smallest cardiac veins Internal atria (interatrial septum, musculi pectinati, sulcus terminalis) · ventricles (interventricular septum, trabeculae carneae, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle) · valves · cusps · Atrioventricular septum cardiac skeleton Intervenous tubercle Chambers Right heart (venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (conus arteriosus, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula)  → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation) Left heart (pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation) Layers Endocardium Heart valves Myocardium Conduction system: Cardiac pacemaker · SA node · AV node · bundle of His · Purkinje fibers Pericardial cavity Pericardial sinus Pericardium fibrous pericardium (Sternopericardiac ligaments) · serous pericardium (epicardium/visceral layer) · Fold of the left vena cava M: HRT anat/phys/devp noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte

v t e Circulatory system: Arteries and veins (TA A12.0, TH H3.09.02, GA 6.543/GA 7.641) Systemic circulation (Left heart) → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart) Pulmonary circulation (Right heart) → Pulmonary arteries → (Lungs) → Pulmonary vein → (Left heart) Blood vessels Tunica intima (Endothelium, Internal elastic lamina) Tunica media Tunica externa Vasa vasorum Vasa nervorum Rete mirabile Circulatory anastomosis Arteries Nutrient artery Arteriole Veins Vena comitans Superficial vein Deep vein Emissary veins Venous plexus Venule Lymphatic Lymphatic vessel Lymph Lymph capillary M: VAS anat (a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

v t e Lymphoid system (TA A13.1–2, TH H3.10, GA 8 and 9) Primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow Hematopoietic stem cell Thymus Cortex Medulla Hassall's corpuscles Secondary lymphoid organs Spleen (process blood) structural: Hilum Trabeculae Diaphragmatic surface of spleen Visceral surface of spleen Red pulp Cords of Billroth Marginal zone White pulp Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths Germinal center blood flow: Trabecular arteries Trabecular veins Tonsils/Waldeyer's tonsillar ring Palatine Lingual Pharyngeal Tubal Tonsillar crypts Lymph nodes (process extracellular fluid) lymph flow: Afferent lymph vessels Cortical sinuses Medullary sinuses Efferent lymph vessels T cells: High endothelial venules B cells: Primary follicle/Germinal center Mantle zone Marginal zone layers: Capsule/Trabeculae Subcapsular sinus Cortex Paracortex Medulla (Medullary cord) Hilum MALT (process mucosa) GALT Peyer's patch Germinal center M: LMO anat (h, u, t, a, l)/phys/devp noco/cong/tumr proc

v t e Sensory system – visual system – globe of eye (TA A15.2.1–6, TH 3.11.08.0-5, GA 10.1005) Fibrous tunic (outer) Sclera Episcleral layer Schlemm's canal Trabecular meshwork Cornea Limbus layers Epithelium Bowman's Stroma Descemet's Endothelium Uvea/vascular tunic (middle) Choroid Capillary lamina of choroid Bruch's membrane Sattler's layer Ciliary body Ciliary processes Ciliary muscle Iris Stroma Pupil Iris dilator muscle Iris sphincter muscle Retina (inner) Layers Inner limiting membrane Nerve fiber layer Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane Layer of rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium Cells Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell Muller glia Other Macula Foveola Fovea centralis Optic disc Optic cup Anterior segment Anterior chamber Aqueous humour Posterior chamber Lens Capsule of lens Zonule of Zinn Posterior segment Vitreous humour Other Ocular immune system Tapetum lucidum Keratocytes M: EYE anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot noco/cong/tumr, epon proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)

v t e Head and neck anatomy – accessory visual structures (TA 15.2.7, TH H3.11.08.6, GA 10.1021) Eyelid Tarsus Medial palpebral ligament Epicanthic fold Meibomian gland Ciliary glands Eyelash Palpebral fissure Canthus Gland of Zeis Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal lake Lacrimal gland Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal punctum Lacrimal papilla Nasolacrimal duct Lacrimal sac Lacrimal caruncle Krause's glands Other Periorbita Orbital septum Tenon's capsule Suspensory ligament of eyeball Eyebrow Conjunctiva (Plica semilunaris) Extraocular muscles (Trochlea of superior oblique) M: EYE anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot noco/cong/tumr, epon proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)

v t e Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029) Outer ear Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe) Ear canal Auricular muscles Eardrum (Umbo Pars flaccida) Middle ear Tympanic cavity Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window Round window Secondary tympanic membrane Prominence of facial canal Promontory of tympanic cavity Membranous wall/lateral Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells Aditus to mastoid antrum Pyramidal eminence Carotid wall/anterior Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess Jugular wall/floor Ossicles Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus) Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus) Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes) Muscles Stapedius Tensor tympani Eustachian tube Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius) Inner ear/ (membranous labyrinth, bony labyrinth) Auditory system Cochlear labyrinth General cochlea Scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala tympani Modiolus Cochlear cupula Perilymphatic space Perilymph Cochlear aqueduct Cochlear duct / scala media Reissner's/vestibular membrane Basilar membrane Reticular membrane Endolymph Stria vascularis Spiral ligament Organ of Corti: Stereocilia Tectorial membrane Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) Spiral limbus Cells Claudius cell Boettcher cell Vestibular system/ Vestibular labyrinth Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula) Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac) Kinocilium Otolith Vestibular aqueduct Canalis reuniens Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) Ampullary cupula Ampullae (Crista ampullaris) M: EAR anat (e/p)/phys/devp noco/cong, epon proc, drug (S2)

v t e Integumentary system (TA A16, TH H3.12, GA 10.1062) Skin Epidermis Stratum corneum · Stratum lucidum · Stratum granulosum · Stratum spinosum · Stratum basale Basement membrane zone Basal keratinocyte · Lamina lucida · Lamina densa Dermis Papillary (Dermal papillae)  · Reticular Subcutaneous tissue Panniculus/Pannus (Panniculus adiposus · Panniculus carnosus) · Stratum membranosum · Loose connective tissue · Superficial fascia Adnexa Skin glands Sweat glands: Apocrine sweat gland · Eccrine sweat gland Sebaceous Hair Root sheath Outer root sheath · Inner root sheath (Henle's layer, Huxley's layer) Hair shaft Cuticle · Cortex · Medulla · Bulb with matrix cells · Hair follicle Muscle Arrector pili muscle Pilosebaceous unit Hair sebaceous gland Nail Nail matrix · Nail plate (Lunula)  · Eponychium · Paronychium · Hyponychium M: INT, SF, LCT anat/phys/devp noco (i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr (n/e/d), sysi/epon proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11) M: SKA anat/phys/devp noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug (D10)

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