| Scandinavian Mountains | |
|---|---|
 Mount Ahkka in Sarek National Park, Northern Sweden |
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| Highest point | |
| Peak | Galdhøpiggen (Lom) |
| Elevation | 2,469 m (8,100 ft) |
| Coordinates | 08°18′45″E |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 1,700 km (1,100 mi) |
| Width | 320 km (200 mi) |
| Naming | |
| Native name | Skanderna, Fjällen, Kjølen |
| Geography | |
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|
| Countries | Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| Range coordinates | 14°E 14°E |
The Scandinavian Mountains or the Scandes, in Swedish Skanderna, Fjällen ("the Fells") or Kölen (Fjällen being by far the most frequent name and virtually the only one in modern colloquial speech), in Finnish Köli and in Norwegian Kjølen, with the three latter meaning The Keel, are a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Scandinavian Mountains are equivalent to the Scandinavian Caledonides. The western sides of the mountains drop precipitously into the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, forming the famous fjords of Norway, while to the northeast they gradually curve towards Finland. To the north they form the border between Norway and Sweden, still reaching 2,000 m high (6,600 ft) at the Arctic circle. The mountain range just touches northwesternmost Finland, but are scarcely more than hills at their northernmost extension at the North Cape.
The mountains are not very high, but are at places very steep; Galdhøpiggen in southern Norway is the highest peak, at 2,469 metres (8,100 ft), Kebnekaise has the highest peak on the Swedish side, at 2,104 m (6,903 ft), while Halti is the highest peak in Finland, at 1,324 m (4,344 ft). The combination of a northerly location and moisture from the North Atlantic ocean has caused the formation of many icefields and glaciers. Temperature drops with increasing altitude, and permafrost becomes common from about 1,500 meters above sea level on their western slope in Southern Norway and at about 1,200 meter amsl on their eastern slope in Southern Norway near the border with Sweden. In Northern Norway, permafrost becomes common from about 800 – 900 m amsl on the western slope and some 200 - 300 meter lower on the eastern slope.
The Scandinavian mountain system is geologically connected with the mountains of Scotland, Ireland and, crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the Appalachian Mountains of North America. Geologists hold that all these formed a single range prior to the breakup of the ancient supercontinent Pangaea. The current mountains are remnants of the Caledonian mountains. The mountains have been eroded to one-fifth of their original height, and are one of the oldest still extant mountain ranges in the world.
The Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands terrestrial ecoregion is closely associated with the mountain range.
Of the 10 highest mountain peaks in Scandinavia (prominence greater than 30 m or 98 ft), 6 are situated in Oppland, Norway. The other 4 are situated in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. There are 83 peaks equal to or taller than 2,200 m (7,218 ft) in Norway.
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Galdhøpiggen seen from west, Norway's highest mountain
Landscape between Abisko National Park and Kebnekaise
There are 12 peaks in Sweden that reach above 2,000 m high (6,600 ft), or 13 depending on how you define a peak. This list is defined according to UIAA. Eight of them are located in Sarek National Park and the neighbouring national park Stora Sjöfallet. The other four peaks are located in the further north region of Kebnekaise. All mountain names are in Sami but with the more common Swedish spelling of it.
Other popular mountains for skiers, climbers and hikers in Sweden
Highest independent prominence in Finland is found at Taivaskero. At 807 m high.
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