Pajamas in US English, spelt pyjamas in British English (see also spelling differences), often shortened to PJs or jammies, can refer to several related types of clothing. The original pāijāma are loose, lightweight trousers fitted with drawstring waistbands and worn in South and West Asia by both sexes. In many English-speaking nations (not in India), pyjamas are loose-fitting, two-piece garments derived from the original garment and worn chiefly for sleeping, but sometimes also for lounging, also by both sexes. More generally, pajamas may refer to several garments, for both daywear and nightwear, derived from traditional pajamas and involving variations of style and material.
The word pyjama or pajama, which originally derives from the Persian word پايجامه (pāyjāmeh, from pāy 'leg' and jāmeh 'garment'), was incorporated into the English language during the British Raj through the Hindustani language (the progenitor language of modern-day Urdu and Hindi).
Traditional pajamas consist of a jacket-and-trousers combination made of soft fabric, such as flannel; The jacket element usually has a placket front and its sleeves have no cuffs.
In colloquial speech, these traditional pajamas are often called PJs, jim jams, or jammies; while in South Asia and South Africa, they are sometimes referred to as night suits.
Some pajamas feature a drop seat (also known as a trap door or butt flap): a buttoned opening in the seat, designed to allow the wearer to conveniently use a toilet. Drop seats were very common on pajamas made before the 1950s, but today they are rather rare.
Contemporary pajamas are derived from traditional pajamas. There are many variations in style such as short sleeve pajamas, pajama bottoms of varying length, or, on occasion, one-piece pajamas, and pajamas incorporating various materials.
Chiefly in the US, stretch-knit sleep apparel with rib-knit trimmings are common. Usually worn by children, these garments often have pullover tops (if two-piece) or have zippers down the fronts (if one-piece), and may also be footed.
Although pajamas are usually distinguished from non-bifurcated sleeping garments such as nightgowns, in the US, they can sometimes include the latter, as in babydoll pajamas.
Pajamas may today refer to women's combination daywear, consisting of short-sleeved or sleeveless blouses and lightweight trousers. Examples of these include capri pajamas, beach pajamas, and hostess pajamas.
Pyjamas are usually loose fitting and designed for comfort, using softer materials such as cotton or the more luxurious silk or satin. Synthetic materials such as polyester and Lycra are also available.
Pyjamas often contain visual references to a thing that may hold some special appeal to the wearer. Images of sports, animals, balloons, polka dots, flowers, stripes, plaids, foulards, paisleys and other motifs may all be used to decorate them. Pajamas may also be found in plainer designs, such as plaid or plain gray, but when worn in public, they are usually designed in such a way that makes their identity unambiguous. Older styles of children's pajamas have been depicted as having a square button-up flap covering the buttocks.
Pyjamas are often worn with bare feet and sometimes without underwear. They are often worn as comfort wear even when not in bed, and are also sometimes worn as a fashion statement. Some people have started to wear pajama pants in public as fashion. In eastern China, it is not unusual in the late afternoon or evening, for adults to wear their pajamas in public around their local neighborhood. The supermarket Tesco in St Mellons, Cardiff, United Kingdom started a ban on customers wearing pajamas in January 2010. In January 2012, a local Dublin branch of the Government's Department of Social Protection advised that pajamas were not regarded as appropriate attire when attending the office for welfare services.
The word pajama was incorporated into the English language from Persian via Urdu. The word originally derives from Persian پايجامه pāyjāmeh meaning 'leg garment'.
The worldwide use of pajamas (the word and the garment) is the result of British presence in South Asia in the 18th and 19th centuries. According to Yule and Burnell's Hobson-Jobson (1903) the word originally referred to loose trousers tied around the waist.
| “ | Such a garment is used by various persons in India e.g. by women of various classes, by Sikh men, and most by Muslim of both sexes. It was adopted from the Muslim by Europeans as an article of dishabille and of night attire ... It is probable that we English took the habit like a good many others from the Portuguese. Thus Pyrard (c. 1610) says, in speaking of Goa Hospital: "Ils ont force calsons sans quoy ne couchent iamais les Portugais des Indes" ... The word is now used in London shops. A friend furnishes the following reminiscence: "The late Mr. B-, tailor in Jermyn Street, some on 40 years ago, in reply to a question why pyjammas had feet sewn on to them (as was sometimes the case with those furnished by London outfitters) answered: 'I believe, Sir, it is because of the White Ants."
Examples. 1828: "His chief joy smoking a cigar in loose Paee-jams and native slippers." Orient. Sport. Mag. reprint 1873, i. 64. 1881: "The rest of our attire consisted of that particularly light and airy white flannel garment, known throughout India as a pyjama suit." Haekel, Ceylon, p. 329. |
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According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, "They were introduced in England as lounging attire in the 17th century but soon went out of fashion. About 1870 they reappeared in the Western world as sleeping attire for men, after returning British colonials brought (them) back ...." As sleeping attire, they adapted the pajama pant to come without pockets, since pockets are only necessary for daywear.
In January 2012, Michael Williams, a commissioner in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, proposed an ordinance prohibiting people from wearing pajamas in public. Caddo Parish already has a law against wearing sagging pants below the waist, but Williams is pushing for a law against pajama pants after seeing a group of young men wearing loose fitting pajama pants that were about to show their private parts. According to Williams, "The moral fiber in our community is dwindling. If not now, when? Because it's pajama pants today, next it will be underwear tomorrow.”
Williams’ concerns are reflected in many school and work dress codes. A Vermont high school banned pajamas in 2011, concerned that they could be a safety hazard.
Girl in short sleeve PJs; doll in traditional.
Boys in stretch-knit pajamas.
Toddler in footed pajamas.
Courier in white paijama, India, 1844.
Men in white paijama with hunting cheetahs, India 1844.
Muslim men in paijamas (various styles), Bombay, 1867
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