John V Palaiologos

John V Palaiologos
John V Palaiologos
Reign	15 June 1341 – 12 August 1376, 1 July 1379 – 14 April 1390, 17 September 1390 – 16 February 1391
Full name	John V Palaiologos Ίωάννης E΄ Παλαιολόγος
Born	18 June 1332
Birthplace	Didymoteicho, Byzantine Empire
Died	16 February 1391 (aged 58)
Place of death	Constantinople, Byzantine Empire
Predecessor	Andronikos III Palaiologos
Successor	Manuel II Palaiologos
Consort to	Helena Kantakouzene
Father	Andronikos III Palaiologos
Mother	Anna of Savoy

John V Palaiologos (or Palaeologus) (Greek: Ίωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος, Iōannēs V Palaiologos) (18 June 1332 – 16 February 1391) was a Byzantine emperor, who succeeded his father in 1341, at age nine.

Biography [edit]

John V was the son of Emperor Andronikos III and his wife Anna, the daughter of Count Amadeus V of Savoy by his second wife Maria of Brabant. His long reign was marked by the gradual dissolution of imperial power amid numerous civil wars and the continuing ascendancy of the Ottoman Turks.

Coming to the throne at age nine, his reign began with immediate civil war between his designated regent, his father's friend John Kantakouzenos, and a self-proclaimed council of regency composed of his mother Anna, the patriarch John XIV Kalekas, and the megas doux Alexios Apokaukos. It was during this civil war in 1343 that Anna pawned the Byzantine crown jewels for 30,000 Venetian ducats. From 1346 to 1349, the Black Plague devastated Constantinople.

Victorious in 1347, John Kantakouzenos ruled as co-emperor until his son Matthew was attacked by John V in 1352, leading to a second civil war. In this second civil war John V asked the ruler of Serbia, Stephan Dushan for help and Dushan obliged by sending 4,000 Serbian horsemen to his aid. However Matthew Kantacouzenos asked his father, Byzantine Emperor John Kantakouzenos VI for help and 10,000 Ottoman Turks showed up at Demotika in October 1352 and engaged the forces of John V's Serbian allies in an open field battle which resulted in the destruction of the allies and a victory for the more numerous Turks in the service of the Byzantines. It was this conflict that saw the Ottoman Empire acquire its first European territory at Çimpe and Gallipoli. Able to retake Constantinople in 1354, John V was able to remove and tonsure John VI; by 1357, he had deposed Matthew as well, who had been captured by the Serbs and was ransomed over to John V.

The Ottomans, who had been allied with the Kantakouzenoi, continued to press John. Suleyman Paşa, the son of the Ottoman sultan, led their forces in Europe and was able to take Adrianople and Philippopolis and to exact tribute from the emperor. John V appealed to the West for help, proposing to end the schism between the Byzantine and Latin churches by submitting the patriarchate to the supremacy of Rome.

In 1366 he reached the Hungarian Kingdom, arriving to the Royal city of Buda to meet King Louis I of Hungary. However, the Byzantine emperor offended the king by staying on his horse, while Louis descended and approached him on foot. The Hungarian monarch then offered him help on the condition that John change his confession to the catholic, or at least achieve that the Patriarch recognize the Pope's supremacy. The Emperor left the court of Buda with empty hands and continued his trip throughout Europe searching for assistance against the Ottomans. Impoverished by war, he was detained as a debtor when he visited Venice in 1369 and later captured on his way back in Bulgarian territories. In 1371, he recognized the suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan Murad I. Murad later assisted him against his son Andronikos when the latter deposed him in 1376.

In 1390, his grandson John VII briefly usurped the throne, but was quickly overthrown. The same year, John ordered the strengthening of the Golden Gate in Constantinople, utilizing marble from the decayed churches in and around the city. Upon the completion of this construction, Bayezid I demanded that John raze these new works, threatening war and the blinding of his son Manuel whom he held in captivity. John V filled the Sultan's order, but is said to have suffered from this humiliation and died soon thereafter on 16 February 1391.

John V was finally succeeded to the imperial throne by his son Manuel. His younger son Theodore had already succeeded to the Despotate of Morea in 1383.

Family [edit]

He married Helena Kantakouzene, daughter of his co-emperor John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina, on 28 May 1347. They had at least nine children:

Andronikos IV Palaiologos (2 April 1348 – 28 June 1385).
Irene Palaiologina (c. 1349 – after 1362). Married her first cousin Halil of Bithynia. Her husband was a son of Orhan I and Helena's sister Theodora Kantakouzene.
Manuel II Palaiologos (27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425).
Theodore I Palaiologos, Lord of Morea (c. 1355 – 24 June 1407).
Michael Palaiologos (d. 1376/1377). Claimed the throne of the Empire of Trebizond from Alexios III. Assassinated while his campaign was ongoing.
Maria Palaiologina (d. 1376). Betrothed to Murad I. She died before the marriage could take place.
A daughter betrothed to Peter II of Cyprus.
Two unnamed daughters reported to have entered monasteries in 1373.

References [edit]

Επίτομο Γεωγραφικό Λεξικό της Ελλάδος (Geographical Dictionary of Greece), Μιχαήλ Σταματελάτος, Φωτεινή Βάμβα-Σταματελάτου, εκδ. Ερμής, ΑΘήνα 2001
Küküllei János: Lajos király krónikája, Névtelen szerző: Geszta Lajos királyról; Osisris Kiadó, Budapest, 2000. (Millenniumi Magyar Történelem)

Ancestry [edit]

Sources [edit]

Harris, Jonathan, The End of Byzantium. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010. - get this book
Nicol, Donald M., The Last Centuries of Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 2nd edition. - get this book

Regnal titles
John V Palaiologos Palaiologos dynasty Born: 1332 Died: 16 February 1391
Preceded by Andronikos III Palaiologos	Byzantine Emperor 1341–1376 with John VI Kantakouzenos (1347–1354) Matthew Kantakouzenos (1353–1357) Andronikos IV Palaiologos (c. 1354–1373) Manuel II Palaiologos (1373–1376)	Succeeded by Andronikos IV Palaiologos
Preceded by Andronikos IV Palaiologos	Byzantine Emperor 1379–1390 with Manuel II Palaiologos (1379–1390) Andronikos IV Palaiologos (1381–1385)	Succeeded by John VII Palaiologos
Preceded by John VII Palaiologos	Byzantine Emperor 1390–1391 with Manuel II Palaiologos (1390–1391)	Succeeded by Manuel II Palaiologos

v t e Roman emperors

Principate 27 BC – 235 AD	Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus with Diadumenian Elagabalus Alexander Severus

Crisis 235–284	Maximinus Thrax Gordian I and Gordian II Pupienus and Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Decius with Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus with Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus with Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Tacitus Florianus Probus Carus Carinus Numerian

Dominate 284–395	Diocletian Maximian Constantius Chlorus Galerius Severus Maxentius Maximinus Daia Licinius with Valerius Valens and Martinianus Constantine the Great Constantine II Constans I Constantius II with Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian I Valens Gratian Valentinian II Theodosius I

Western Empire 395–480	Honorius with Constantine III Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus

Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204	Arcadius Theodosius II Marcian Leo I the Thracian Leo II Zeno Basiliscus Anastasius I Justin I Justinian I Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV Justinian II Leontios Tiberios III Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosios III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe Leo V the Armenian Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoe Romanos III Argyros Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Constantine IX Monomachos Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Alexios V Doukas

Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261	Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris

Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 1261–1453	Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos Michael IX Palaiologos Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos Matthew Kantakouzenos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos

Authority control	VIAF: 165364727

Persondata
Name	Palaiologos, John V
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	18 June 1332
Place of birth	Didymoteicho, Byzantine Empire
Date of death	16 February 1391
Place of death	Constantinople, Byzantine Empire

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