Johann Carolus (1575−1634) was a German publisher of the first newspaper, called Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien. The Relation is recognised by the World Association of Newspapers, as well as many authors as the world's first newspaper. The German-language newspaper was published in Straßburg, which had the status of an imperial free city in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
In 2005, the World Association of Newspapers accepted evidence that Carolus' pamphlet was printed beginning in 1605, not 1609 as previously thought. Carolus' petition discovered in the Strasbourg Municipal Archive in the 1980s may be regarded as the birth certificate of the newspaper:
The Relation was soon followed by other periodicals, such as the Avisa Relation oder Zeitung.
If a newspaper is defined by the functional criteria of publicity, seriality, periodicity and currency or actuality (that is, as a single current-affairs series regularly published at intervals short enough to keep abreast of incoming news) then it was the first European newspaper. English historian of printing Stanley Morison, using a criterion of format rather than function, held that the Relation should be classified as a newsbook, on the grounds that it still employs the format and most of the conventions of a book: it is printed in quarto size and the text is set in a single wide column. By this definition, the world's first newspaper is the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. from 1618, but by the same definition no German, English, French or Italian weekly (or even daily) news publications from the first half of the 17th century can be considered "newspapers".
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