 Screenshot of IIS Manager console of Internet Information Services 7 |
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| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 8.0 / 4 September 2012 |
| Development status | Active |
| Written in | C++ |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Web server |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.iis.net |
Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information Server – is a web server software application and set of feature extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It is an integral part of the Windows Server family of products (and their client counterparts in the cases of Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000), as well as certain editions of Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed. The IIS Manager is accessed through the Microsoft Management Console or Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
All versions of IIS prior to 7.0 running on client operating systems supported only 10 simultaneous connections and a single web site.
The first Microsoft web server was a research project at the European Microsoft Windows NT Academic Centre (EMWAC), part of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, and was distributed as freeware. However, since the EMWAC server was unable to scale to handle the volume of traffic going to Microsoft.com, Microsoft was forced to develop its own web server, IIS.
Almost every version of IIS was released either alongside or with a version of Microsoft Windows:
IIS is the third most popular web server in the world, behind Apache HTTP Server and nginx. IIS dropped from the second most popular position at the end of 2011, where during October it previously held 14% of servers and responded to 12% of total requests.
Earlier versions of IIS were hit with a number of vulnerabilities, especially the CA-2001-13 which led to the infamous Code Red worm; however, both versions 6.0 and 7.0 currently have no reported issues with this specific vulnerability. In IIS 6.0 Microsoft opted to change the behaviour of pre-installed ISAPI handlers, many of which were culprits in the vulnerabilities of 4.0 and 5.0, thus reducing the attack surface of IIS. In addition, IIS 6.0 added a feature called "Web Service Extensions" that prevents IIS from launching any program without explicit permission by an administrator.
By default IIS 5.1 and lower run websites in-process under the SYSTEM account, a default Windows account with 'superuser' rights. Under 6.0 all request handling processes have been brought under a Network Services account with significantly fewer privileges so that should there be a vulnerability in a feature or in custom code it won't necessarily compromise the entire system given the sandboxed environment these worker processes run in. IIS 6.0 also contained a new kernel HTTP stack (http.sys) with a stricter HTTP request parser and response cache for both static and dynamic content.
According to Secunia, as of June 2011[update], IIS 7 had a total of 6 resolved vulnerabilities while IIS 6 had a total of 11 vulnerabilities out of which 1 was still unpatched. The unpatched security advisory has a severity rating of 2 out of 5.
In June 2007, a Google study of 80 million domains concluded that while the IIS market share was 23% at the time, IIS servers hosted 49% of the world's malware, the same as Apache servers whose market share was 66%. The study also observed the geographical location of these dirty servers and suggested that the cause of this could be the use of pirated copies of Windows that could not obtain security updates from Microsoft. Microsoft has corrected this situation; Microsoft now supplies security updates even to pirated copies of Windows.
IIS 6.0 and higher support the following authentication mechanisms:
IIS 7.0 has a modular architecture. Modules, also called extensions, can be added or removed individually so that only modules required for specific functionality have to be installed. IIS 7 includes native modules as part of the full installation. These modules are individual features that the server uses to process requests and include the following:
IIS 7.5 includes the following additional or enhanced security features:
Authentication changed slightly between IIS 6.0 and IIS 7, most notably in that the anonymous user which was named "IUSR_{machinename}" is a built-in account in Vista and future operating systems and named "IUSR". Notably, in IIS 7, each authentication mechanism is isolated into its own module and can be installed or uninstalled.
IIS Express, a lightweight version of IIS, is available as a standalone freeware server and may be installed on Windows XP with Service Pack 3 and subsequent versions of Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 Express supports only the HTTP and HTTPS protocols. IIS Express can be downloaded separately or as a part of Microsoft WebMatrix.
IIS releases new feature modules between major version releases to add new functionality. The following extensions are available for IIS 7.5:
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