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| History of France | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 France portal |
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| Governments of France |
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The House of Valois (French pronunciation: [valwa]) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, succeeding the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") as kings of France from 1328 to 1589. A cadet branch of the family reigned as dukes of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482.
They were descendants of Charles of Valois, the fourth son of King Philip III. They based their claim on the Salic law, which excluded females (Joan II of Navarre) as well as male descendants through the distaff line (Edward III of England), from the succession to the French throne.
The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and after the reign of Philip IV. Philip had left three surviving sons (Louis, Philip and Charles) and a daughter (Isabella). Each son became king in turn but died young without male heirs, leaving only daughters who could not inherit the throne. When Charles IV died in 1328, the French Succession was thrown wide open.
In 1328 there were 3 reasonable candidates to the throne;
| Philip III of France r. 1270-1285 |
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| Philip IV of France r. 1285-1314 |
Charles of Valois d. 1325 |
Louis of Évreux d. 1319 |
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| Louis X of France r. 1314-1316 |
Philip V of France r. 1316-1322 |
Charles IV of France r. 1322-1328 |
Isabella of France | Edward II of England | Philip of Valois b. 1293 |
Philip of Évreux b. 1306 |
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| Joan of France b. 1312 |
Edward III of England b. 1312 |
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In England, Isabella of France heard the news and claimed the throne on behalf of her son. Similar to France, the English law of succession did not allow the succession of females, but allowed the succession through the female line (as was the case with Henry II of England). The French rejected her claims, arguing that since she herself, as a woman, could not succeed, then she could not transmit any such right to her son. Thus, the French chose Philip of Valois, who became Philip VI of France. The throne of Navarre went its separate way, to Joan of France, daughter of Louis X, who became Joan II of Navarre.
Because diplomacy and negotiation had failed, Edward III would have to back his claims with force if he was to claim the throne. For a few years, England and France were in an uneasy peace. Eventually, an escalation of conflict between the two kings led to the confiscation of the duchy of Aquitaine. Instead of paying homage to the French king, as his ancestors had done, Edward claimed that he was the rightful King of France. These events were a key reason for the Hundred Years War between England and France.
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The application of the Salic Law meant that with the extinction of the Valois line on the male side, the Bourbon Dynasty followed as descendants of Louis IX.
House of Valois-Alençon
House of Valois-Anjou
House of Valois-Burgundy
House of Valois-Burgundy-Brabant
House of Valois-Burgundy-Nevers
House of Valois-Orléans
House of Valois-Orléans-Angoulême
Forms of address for Valois kings included "Most Christian Majesty".
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House of Valois
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
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| Preceded by House of Capet |
Ruling House of France 1328–1589 |
Succeeded by House of Bourbon |
| Preceded by Capetian House of Burgundy |
Ruling House of the Duchy of Burgundy 1363–1482 |
Succeeded by House of Habsburg |
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