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| Original author(s) | |
|---|---|
| Initial release | May 16, 2006 |
| Stable release | 2.5.1 / March 8, 2013 |
| Written in | Java |
| Operating system | GNU/Linux, Windows, Mac OS X |
| Available in | Java |
| Type | Ajax framework |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Website | developers.google.com/web-toolkit/ |
Google Web Toolkit (GWT /ˈɡwɪt/) is an open source set of tools that allows web developers to create and maintain complex JavaScript front-end applications in Java. Other than a few native libraries, everything is Java source that can be built on any supported platform with the included GWT Ant build files. It is licensed under the Apache License version 2.0.
GWT emphasizes reusable, efficient solutions to recurring Ajax challenges, namely asynchronous remote procedure calls, history management, bookmarking, UI abstraction, internationalization and cross-browser portability.
GWT version 1.0 RC 1 was released on May 16, 2006. Google announced GWT at the JavaOne conference, 2006.
Release history:
In August 2010, Google acquired Instantiations, a company known for its focus on Eclipse Java developer tools, including GWT Designer, which is now bundled with Google Plugin for Eclipse.
With introduction of the Dart programming language, Google has reassured the GWT community that GWT will continue to be supported for the foreseeable future, but also hinted at a possible rapprochement between the two Google solutions for "structured web programming". They've also admitted however that a number of engineers previously working on GWT are now working on Dart.
Using GWT, developers can develop and debug Ajax applications in the Java language using the Java development tools of their choice. When the application is deployed, the GWT cross-compiler translates the Java application to standalone JavaScript files that are optionally obfuscated and deeply optimized.
GWT does not revolve only around user interface programming; it is a general set of tools for building any sort of high-performance client-side JavaScript functionality. In live presentations, the developers of GWT emphasize that "GWT is not its libraries" and that it only includes a library but is not fundamentally yet another Ajax library. This open-ended philosophy sometimes surprises developers new to GWT who expect it to provide an end-to-end "on rails" application framework. Indeed, many key architectural decisions are left completely to the developer. The GWT mission statement clarifies the philosophical breakdown of GWT's role versus the developer's role. History is an example of such: although GWT manages history tokens as users click Back or Forward in the browser, it does not prescribe how to map history tokens to an application state.
GWT applications can be run in two modes:
Several open-source plugins are available for making GWT development easier with other IDEs. E.g., GWT4NB for NetBeans, Cypal Studio for GWT, Eclipse and JDeveloper etc. The Google Plugin for Eclipse handles most GWT related tasks in the IDE, including creating projects, invoking the GWT compiler, creating GWT launch configurations, validations, syntax highlighting, etc.
The major GWT components include:
As of version 2.4 (September 2011), GWT offers several widgets:
GWT widgets also include several panels:
Many common widgets not found in the GWT have been implemented in third-party libraries, such as Ext GWT, GWT Component Library, GWT-Ext, GWT Widget Library, GWTiger, Rocket GWT, Dojo, SmartGWT etc.
GWT is widely used in the Enterprise space due to its leveraging of common enterprise technologies[according to whom?] including Java, Apache Tomcat (or similar web container), Eclipse IDE, Internet Explorer, and Internationalization and Localization. Java-based GWT RIAs are easier to test[according to whom?] using the existing JUnit testing framework and code coverage tools, compared to large applications written in Javascript. Because GWT allows compile time verification of images, CSS, and business logic, many common development defects are automatically discovered without need of the manual testing commonly required by RIAs.
While often used in non-advertised internal applications, Google has noted that some of its products are GWT based:
Other companies using GWT are listed on the GWT Reference List.
On Dec 08, 2009 Google launched Google Web Toolkit 2.0 with Speed Tracer.
Version 2.0 of GWT offers a number of new features, including:
Since the new development mode removed most platform-specific code, the new version will be distributed as a unique archive, instead of one per supported platform as was the case with previous versions.
As a general framework for making web apps, GWT is also capable of being used as a framework for making mobile and tablet apps, either by making the needed widgets and animations from scratch, or by using one of the mobile frameworks for GWT. An HTML5 app written in GWT can have separate views for Tablets and Mobile phones.
Some of the most common mobile GWT libraries
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