Flag of Georgia (country) ▪ Sale

Georgia
Flag of Georgia.svg
Name Five Cross Flag
Use Civil and state flag and ensign
Adopted January 25, 2004
Design White rectangle, with in its central portion a large red cross that extends to the edge of the flag. In the four corners there are four Bolnur-Katskhuri crosses of the same color.
Standard of the President of Georgia.png
Variant flag of Georgia
Design Flag of the President of Georgia
Georgia. Standard of Minister of Defence.svg
Variant flag of Georgia
Design Flag of the Minister of Defence
Georgia. Standard of Chief of General Staff.svg
Variant flag of Georgia
Design Flag of the Chief of the General Staff
Georgia. Main Military flag.svg
Variant flag of Georgia
Design War Flag of Georgia

The flag of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს სახელმწიფო დროშა; sakartvelos sakhelmtsipo drosha), also known as the Five Cross Flag (Georgian: ხუთჯვრიანი დროშა; khutjvriani drosha) was adopted in January 2004, and originates as the flag of the United National Movement, being widely used during the "Rose Revolution" of 2003.

Background [edit]

The Georgian flag's historical inspiration is the red-on-white Jerusalem cross shown as the flag of Tblisi in the 14th-century map by Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano.

Design [edit]

The national flag of Georgia, as described in the Presidential decree No. 31 of January 25, 2004:

The Georgian national flag is a white rectangle, with in its central portion a large red cross touching all four sides of the flag. In the four corners there are four bolnur-katskhuri crosses of the same color (as the large cross).
Scheme Red White
RGB 255-0-0 255-255-255
CMYK 0-100-100-0 0-0-0-0
Web #FF0000 #FFFFFF
Flag of Georgia (country)
Flag construction sheet

History of the flag [edit]

Flag of Georgia (country)
Georgian five-cross flag, sometimes interpreted as representing the five holy wounds of Jesus, or alternatively Jesus and the Four Evangelists

The current flag was used by the Georgian patriotic movement following the country's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the late 1990s, the design had become widely known as 'the Georgian historical national flag' as vexillologists had pointed out the Tbilisi flag in the Pizzigano chart.

A majority of Georgians, including the influential Catholicos-Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, supported the restoration of the flag and in 1999 the Georgian parliament passed a bill to change the flag. However, it was not endorsed by the President, Eduard Shevardnadze. It was adopted in the early 2000s by the main opposition party, the United National Movement led by Mikheil Saakashvili, as a symbol of popular resistance to Shevardnadze's rule.

The flag was adopted by the Georgian parliament on January 14, 2004. It was formally endorsed by a presidential decree signed by Saakashvili on January 25, following his election as President of Georgia.

Previous flags of Georgia [edit]

Medieval Georgian flags [edit]

Flag of Georgia (country)
Flag of Georgian kingdom of Iberia during the reign of King Vakhtang I, 5th century.

The white flag with the single red St. George's cross was used by the Georgian King Vakhtang Gorgasali in the 5th century.

Queen Tamar (d. 1213) according to tradition used a flag with a dark red cross and a star in a white field.

Flag of Georgia (country)
Detail of the 1367 Pizzigano chart, showing Tbilisi

In the 1367 map by Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, the flag of Tifilis (Tbilisi) is shown as a Jerusalem cross (a large cross with smaller crosses in each quarter). According to D. Kldiashvili (1997), the Jerusalem cross might have been adopted during the reign of George V of Georgia.

Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921) [edit]

Flag of Georgia (country)
The post-Soviet Georgian flag, based on a pre-Soviet banner.

During Georgia's brief existence as an independent state as the Democratic Republic of Georgia from 1918 to 1921, a tricolor flag was adopted. The design resulted from a national flag-designing contest won by Iakob Nikoladze, a painter. It was abolished by the Soviet Union following the 1921 incorporation of Georgia into the USSR.

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1990) [edit]

Flag of Georgia (country)
The Georgian SSR flag.

During the Soviet period, Georgia adopted a number of versions of the red Soviet flag incorporating either the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic's name, or a red hammer and sickle with a star in a blue sun in the canton and blue bar in the upper part of flag. The flag of Georgian SSR was abolished by the Georgian government in November 1990 shortly before it declared independence from the Soviet Union.

Georgia (1990–2004) [edit]

The previous flag of Georgia used by the Democratic Republic of Georgia from 1918 to 1921 was revived on 14 November 1990, by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. However, it lost popularity thereafter as it became associated with the chaotic and violent period around the collapse of the Soviet Union. As for the flag's symbolism, the wine-red color represents the good times of the past and the future. The black symbolizes Russian rule and the white represents hope for peace.

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. Decree of the President of Georgia No. 31 of 25 January 2004.
  2. Michael Spilling, Winnie Wong: Georgia p. 37.
  3. "The new flag of Georgia does not seem to be related with this historical banner. The flag of the National Movement was unknown ten years ago [1993] and was called 'the Georgian historical national flag' by the opposition leaders only after publications by the Georgian vexillologist I.L. Bichikashvili." Mikhail Revnivtsev, 25 November 2003 crwflags.com
  4. "A majority of Georgians, including the patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, have long favored adopting the five-cross banner as the nation's official flag. But the outgoing president stymied all efforts to make the change. In 1999, the Georgian Parliament voted to change the flag, and all Shevardnadze had to do was issue a supportive Decree. Inexplicably, he refused to do so, instead setting up a powerless Heraldic Commission to study the matter. When Saakashvili founded the National Movement in 2001, therefore, the five-cross flag was the natural choice to illustrate his party's populist bent." Brendan Koerner, 'What's With Georgia's Flags?', Slate, 25 November 2003.
  5. Theodore E. Dowling, Sketches of Georgian Church History, New York, p 54. D.M.Lang - Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant (1314-1346). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 17,No. 1 (1955), p.84. G. Macharashwili დროშა გორგასლიანი, თბ. 2011.
  6. "Georgia.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2013-02-14. .
  7. David Kldiashvili, ქართული ჰერალდიკის ისტორია ("History of Georgian heraldry"), Parlamentis utskebani, 1997; pp. 30-35.
  8. Steve Luck, ed. (1997). Oxford Family Encyclopedia (first ed.). London: George Philip. p. 281. ISBN  - get this book. 

External links [edit]


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