| Name | Five Cross Flag |
|---|---|
| Use | Civil and state flag and ensign |
| Adopted | January 25, 2004 |
| Design | White rectangle, with in its central portion a large red cross that extends to the edge of the flag. In the four corners there are four Bolnur-Katskhuri crosses of the same color. |
| Variant flag of Georgia | |
| Design | Flag of the President of Georgia |
| Variant flag of Georgia | |
| Design | Flag of the Minister of Defence |
| Variant flag of Georgia | |
| Design | Flag of the Chief of the General Staff |
| Variant flag of Georgia | |
| Design | War Flag of Georgia |
The flag of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს სახელმწიფო დროშა; sakartvelos sakhelmtsipo drosha), also known as the Five Cross Flag (Georgian: ხუთჯვრიანი დროშა; khutjvriani drosha) was adopted in January 2004, and originates as the flag of the United National Movement, being widely used during the "Rose Revolution" of 2003.
The Georgian flag's historical inspiration is the red-on-white Jerusalem cross shown as the flag of Tblisi in the 14th-century map by Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano.
The national flag of Georgia, as described in the Presidential decree No. 31 of January 25, 2004:
| “ | The Georgian national flag is a white rectangle, with in its central portion a large red cross touching all four sides of the flag. In the four corners there are four bolnur-katskhuri crosses of the same color (as the large cross). | ” |
| Scheme | Red | White |
|---|---|---|
| RGB | 255-0-0 | 255-255-255 |
| CMYK | 0-100-100-0 | 0-0-0-0 |
| Web | #FF0000 | #FFFFFF |
The current flag was used by the Georgian patriotic movement following the country's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the late 1990s, the design had become widely known as 'the Georgian historical national flag' as vexillologists had pointed out the Tbilisi flag in the Pizzigano chart.
A majority of Georgians, including the influential Catholicos-Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, supported the restoration of the flag and in 1999 the Georgian parliament passed a bill to change the flag. However, it was not endorsed by the President, Eduard Shevardnadze. It was adopted in the early 2000s by the main opposition party, the United National Movement led by Mikheil Saakashvili, as a symbol of popular resistance to Shevardnadze's rule.
The flag was adopted by the Georgian parliament on January 14, 2004. It was formally endorsed by a presidential decree signed by Saakashvili on January 25, following his election as President of Georgia.
The white flag with the single red St. George's cross was used by the Georgian King Vakhtang Gorgasali in the 5th century.
Queen Tamar (d. 1213) according to tradition used a flag with a dark red cross and a star in a white field.
In the 1367 map by Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, the flag of Tifilis (Tbilisi) is shown as a Jerusalem cross (a large cross with smaller crosses in each quarter). According to D. Kldiashvili (1997), the Jerusalem cross might have been adopted during the reign of George V of Georgia.
During Georgia's brief existence as an independent state as the Democratic Republic of Georgia from 1918 to 1921, a tricolor flag was adopted. The design resulted from a national flag-designing contest won by Iakob Nikoladze, a painter. It was abolished by the Soviet Union following the 1921 incorporation of Georgia into the USSR.
During the Soviet period, Georgia adopted a number of versions of the red Soviet flag incorporating either the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic's name, or a red hammer and sickle with a star in a blue sun in the canton and blue bar in the upper part of flag. The flag of Georgian SSR was abolished by the Georgian government in November 1990 shortly before it declared independence from the Soviet Union.
The previous flag of Georgia used by the Democratic Republic of Georgia from 1918 to 1921 was revived on 14 November 1990, by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. However, it lost popularity thereafter as it became associated with the chaotic and violent period around the collapse of the Soviet Union. As for the flag's symbolism, the wine-red color represents the good times of the past and the future. The black symbolizes Russian rule and the white represents hope for peace.
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