Crown colony of Labuan

Crown Colony of Labuan
Pulau Labuan
纳闽

British colony

←

1848-1890

1904-1906

1912-1941

1945-1946

→

Flag

Labuan today, in Malaysia

Capital

Victoria

Languages

Government

Monarchy (1867–1946)

Monarch

1837 - 1901

1936 - 1952

Governor

Historical era

Establishment of the colony

1848

Transferred to North Borneo

1890

Incorporated into Straits Settlements

1 January 1907

Separated as a standalone colony

1912

Japanese occupation

1941

Labuan to British
North Borneo

15 July 1946

Accession into the Federation of Malaysia

16 September 1963

Area

91.64 km² (35 sq mi)

Currency

Straits dollar (to 1939)
Malayan dollar (thereafter)

Today part of

Malaysia

Labuan, made up of the main Labuan Island and six smaller islands (Burung Island, Daat Island, Kuraman Island, Papan Island, Rusukan Kecil Island, and Rusukan Besar Island), first became a Crown colony in 1848. In 1890, it came to be administered by the British North Borneo Company. It was reverted to British government rule in 1904. Then, on 30 October 1906, it joined the Straits Settlements and had been administered from Singapore, the capital of the Straits Settlements, until 1912. In 1912, Labuan was made a separate Crown colony again.

During World War II, Labuan was occupied by Japan from December 1941 to June 1945 and governed as part of the Northern Borneo military unit by the Japanese 37th Army. Labuan was renamed Maida Island (Pulau Maida, 前田島 [Maeda-shima]) after Marquis Toshinari Maeda, the first commander of Japanese forces in northern Borneo. The liberation of Borneo began on 10 June 1945 when the Allied Forces under the command of General McArthur landed at Labuan with a convoy of 100 ships. The 9th Australian Division launched an attack supported by massive air and sea bombardments that resulted in the surrender of the Japanese. On 9 September 1945, General Masao Baba, commander of Japanese military, surrendered at the Layang-layang beach before Major General George F. Wooten, commander of Australian 9th Division Army. Labuan assumed its former name and was under British military administration along with the rest of the Straits Settlements, then joined to British North Borneo, on 15 July 1946, which in turn became a part of Malaysia as the state of Sabah in 1963.

Timeline [edit]

1848 Made a Crown colony.
1890 Incorporated into the territory of the British North Borneo Company which in 1881 had taken over land previously part of Brunei.
1906 The territory of the British North Borneo Company became a Crown colony but Labuan was transferred to the control of the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
1907 Labuan annexed to Straits Settlements as part of Singapore.
1912 Labuan became a separate Crown colony.
1946 Labuan returned to British North Borneo.

The British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations

Legend: Current territory; Former territory; * Now a Commonwealth realm; Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

1708–1757 Minorca Since 1713 Gibraltar 1763–1782 Minorca 1798–1802 Minorca 1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate) 1813–1964 Malta (Colony) 1807–1890 Heligoland 1809–1864 Ionian Islands 1878-1960 Cyprus 1921–1937 Irish Free State

North America

17th century and before	18th century	19th and 20th century

1579 New Albion 1583–1907 Newfoundland 1605–1979 Saint Lucia 1607–1776 Virginia Since 1619 Bermuda 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony 1623–1883 Saint Kitts (Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1624–1966 Barbados 1625–1650 Saint Croix 1627–1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883 Nevis (Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1632–1776 Maryland since 1632 Montserrat 1632–1860 Antigua (Antigua & Barbuda) 1636–1776 Connecticut 1636–1776 Rhode Island 1637–1662 New Haven Colony 1643–1860 Bay Islands Since 1650 Anguilla 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962 Jamaica 1663–1712 Carolina 1664–1776 New York 1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New Jersey Since 1666 British Virgin Islands Since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670–1973 Bahamas 1670–1870 Rupert's Land 1671–1816 Leeward Islands 1674–1702 East Jersey 1674–1702 West Jersey 1680–1776 New Hampshire 1681–1776 Pennsylvania 1686–1689 Dominion of New England 1691–1776 Massachusetts	1701–1776 Delaware 1712–1776 North Carolina 1712–1776 South Carolina 1713–1867 Nova Scotia 1733–1776 Georgia 1762–1974 *Grenada 1763–1978 Dominica 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island 1763–1791 Quebec 1763–1783 East Florida 1763–1783 West Florida 1784–1867 New Brunswick 1791–1841 Lower Canada 1791–1841 Upper Canada Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands	1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country 1833–1960 Windward Islands 1833–1960 Leeward Islands 1841–1867 Province of Canada 1849–1866 Vancouver Island 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866 British Columbia 1859–1870 North-Western Territory 1860–1981 British Antigua and Barbuda 1862–1863 Stikine Territory 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia 1867–1931 Dominion of Canada 1871–1964 British Honduras (Belize) 1882–1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland 1958–1962 West Indies Federation

Occupied jointly with the United States.
In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Canada's name.
Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

South America

1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana) Since 1833 Falkland Islands Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.

Africa

17th century	18th century	19th century	20th century

Since 1658 Saint Helena	1792–1961 Sierra Leone 1795–1803 Cape Colony	Since 1815 Ascension Island Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha 1806–1910 Cape Colony 1807–1808 Madeira 1810–1968 Mauritius 1816–1965 The Gambia 1856–1910 Natal 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922 Egypt 1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960 British Somaliland 1887–1897 Zululand 1890–1962 Uganda 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968 Swaziland 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	1900–1914 Northern Nigeria 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria 1900–1910 Orange River Colony 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony 1910–1931 South Africa 1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon) 1920–1963 Kenya 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania) 1923–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1954–1960 Nigeria 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)

League of Nations mandate.
Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

Asia

17th and 18th century	19th century	20th century

1685–1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra) 1702–1705 Con Dao 1757–1947 Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 1762–1764 Manila 1786-1946 Penang 1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965 Maldives	1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra) 1812–1824 Billiton (Sumatra) 1819–1826 British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 1824–1946 Straits Settlement of Malacca 1826–1946 Straits Settlements 1839–1967 Colony of Aden 1839–1842 Afghanistan 1841–1997 Hong Kong 1841–1946 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1848–1946 Crown colony of Labuan 1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) 1879–1919 Afghanistan 1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei 1888–1946 Sultanate of Sulu 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971 Trucial States protectorate 1895–1946 Federated Malay States 1898–1930 Weihai Garrison 1878–1960 Cyprus	1907-1949 Bhutan (protectorate) 1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932 Iraq 1921–1946 Transjordan 1923–1948 Palestine 1945–1946 South Vietnam 1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia) 1946–1963 Singapore 1946–1948 Malayan Union 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

League of Nations mandate.

Oceania

18 and 19th centuries	20th century

1788–1901 New South Wales 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949 Territory of Papua 1888–1965 Cook Islands 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau) 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands	1900–1970 Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974 Niue 1901–1942 Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953 Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942 Nauru 1945–1968 Nauru 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea

Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
Suspended member.
Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
Now the *Solomon Islands.
Now *Papua New Guinea.

Antarctica and South Atlantic

Since 1658 Saint Helena Since 1815 Ascension Island Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory 1841-1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (Transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia) 1841-1947 Ross Dependency (Transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)

Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922-) and Tristan da Cunha (1938-) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).

v t e Protectorates and Crown colonies of British Malaya and Borneo

Malaya	Straits Settlements (1826–1946) Federated Malay States (1895–1946) Unfederated Malay States (1800s–1946) Straits Settlement of Malacca (1824–1946)

Borneo	Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1941) Crown colony of Sarawak (1941–1963) North Borneo (1882–1963) Crown colony of Labuan (1848–1946)

v t e United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories

(The United Nations Trusteeship Agreements or were listed by the General Assembly official document as Non-Self-Governing her was independence or other change in a Territory's status, after which information was no longer submitted to the United Nations.)

Australia	Cocos (Keeling) Islands Papua Nauru Trust Territory New Guinea Trust Territory

Belgium	Belgian Congo Ruanda-Urundi Trust Territory

Denmark	Greenland

France	French Equatorial Africa (Middle Congo) (Ubangi Shari) French Establishments in India French Establishments in Oceania French Guiana French Somaliland French West Africa (French Guinea) (French Sudan) (Niger Colony) Guadeloupe and Dependencies Indo-China Madagascar and Dependencies Martinique Morocco New Caledonia and Dependencies New Hebrides(Under Anglo French Condominium) Réunion St. Pierre and Miquelon Tunisia Cameroons Trust Territory French Togoland Trust Territory

Italy	Somaliland Trust Territory

Netherlands	Netherlands Indies Netherlands New Guinea Netherlands Antilles Surinam

New Zealand	Cook Islands Niue Island Western Samoa Trust Territory

Portugal	Angola, including the enclave of Cabinda Cape Verde Archipelago Goa and Dependencies Portuguese Guinea Macau and Dependencies Mozambique São João Baptista de Ajudá Sao Tome and Principe East Timor

South Africa	South West Africa

Spain	Fernando Póo and Rí Muni Ifni

United Kingdom	Aden Colony and Protectorate The Bahamas Barbados Basutoland Bechuanaland Protectorate British Guiana British Honduras British Somaliland Brunei Cyprus Fiji The Gambia Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony Gold Coast Colony and Protectorate Hong Kong Jamaica Kenya Leeward Islands(Antigua) (St. Kitts- Nevis-Anguilla) Malayan Union Malta Mauritius Nigeria North Borneo (now Sabah and Labuan) Northern Rhodesia Nyasaland Sarawak Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Southern Rhodesia Swaziland Trinidad and Tobago Uganda Windward Islands (Dominica) (Grenada) (St. Lucia) (St. Vincent) Zanzibar Cameroons Togoland Tanganyka Trust Territory

United States	Alaska Hawaii Panama Canal Zone Puerto Rico Pacific Islands Trust Territory

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Information source: wikipedia.org

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