HTML5 can be used as an alternative to Adobe Flash. Both include features for playing audio and video within web pages, and integrated vector graphics are possible with both.
"HTML5" in this article sometimes refers not just to the HTML5 specification, which does not itself define ways to do animation and interactivity within web pages, but to HTML5 and related standards like JavaScript or CSS 3. Animation using JavaScript is also possible with HTML 4.
The table below compares the features of the Flash platform, the HTML5 specification and the features implemented in modern web browsers.
| HTML5 standard | HTML web browser features | Adobe Flash features | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Date started | Work began in 2003 Working Draft as of 2011 |
N/A | Work began in 1996 Version 1 released in 1997 |
| Desktop operating systems | N/A | Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, Linux | Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, Linux (PPAPI-only after 11.2), Solaris |
| Mobile operating systems | N/A | Windows Phone 8+, Android 2.3+, Apple iOS 6+, Symbian Belle+, BlackBerry OS 7+ | Upto Android 4.0 (unofficially for Android 4.1), |
| Video game consoles | PlayStationVita | Xbox 360, Sony PlayStation 3, Nintendo Wii | Sony PlayStation 3 (Flash 9 only), Nintendo Wii (Flash Lite only) |
| Device support | N/A | Limited access to web camera, microphone, accelerometer, GPS | Full access to web camera, microphone, accelerometer, GPS |
| Market penetration | N/A | ~96% of internet connected PCs are CSS 2/3 ACID compliant, ~99% support JavaScript 1.5 or above, ~55% support SVG 1.1 |
~95% of internet connected PCs (~83% have Flash Player 11, ~17% have 10 and below) |
| Vector graphics formats | N/A | Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) supported on ~52% PCs | SWF with embedded graphics |
| Bitmap effects | Yes | Varying support of Filters in CSS3 (eg. Glow, Blur, Drop Shadow, Sepia) | Yes, applied to text or graphics (eg. Glow, Drop Shadow, Bevel) |
| Vector text display | Yes | Yes | Yes, with Saffron Type System |
| Font support | N/A | Installed fonts and custom fonts using CSS 3 web fonts | Installed fonts and embedded fonts |
| Text anti-aliasing | N/A | Yes, implemented in most browsers, for system and custom fonts | Yes, in most cases |
| Text tab stops | No | Only supported inside "pre" tags | Yes, with Text Layout Framework |
| Liquid text layout | Yes | Yes, using the "div" tag and CSS styling | No, but text fields can be resized in ActionScript |
| Tabular data | Yes | Yes, using the "table" tag | No, but text fields can be arranged into a grid |
| Linked text frames | No | No | Yes, with Text Layout Framework |
| Programming languages | Depends | JavaScript | ActionScript, Pixel Bender |
| C++ support | No | Native code execution with Google Native Client in Google Chrome only | Cross-compiling of C++ code to run in Flash Player using FlasCC |
| Source code format | Plaintext | Plaintext JavaScript with limited obfuscation | Compiled bytecode, can be obfuscated |
| Data formats | Depends | CSS 3, HTML, XML | JSON, XML, Subset of CSS 1 |
| Data compression | No | GZIP compression for HTML, JS and CSS files (on supported servers) | LZMA or DEFLATE for SWF files |
| Image formats | Depends | PNG, JPEG, Animated GIF | PNG, JPEG, JPEG-XR, Single-frame GIF |
| Video formats | Depends | Varying support of H.264, WebM and Ogg Theora (see HTML5 video) | H.264, Sorenson Spark, and On2 VP6 |
| Streaming video | No | Pseudo-streaming only of WebM and Ogg Theora using video tag | Flash Video, H.264 and partial support for MP4 |
| Audio formats | Depends | Varying support of MP3, Ogg Vorbis, WAV PCM, AAC and WebM Vorbis (see HTML5 audio) | MP3, WAV and AAC audio files or embedded sound |
| Fullscreen support | No | Supported on some browsers | Yes, with warning displayed |
| Encryption DRM | no | No, all files being plaintext, except for obfuscation | Yes, being binary formatted files, unless decompiled |
| File system access | No | Varying support of single file upload, and drag and drop of files onto browser | Support for single file upload and generation, AIR only: full create/read/write access to file system |
| Bitmap manipulation | No | Varying support for HTML5 "canvas" element | Yes, using the BitmapData class |
| Binary manipulation | No | No, unless JavaScript Arrays are used for the same | Yes, using the ByteArray class |
| Large binary data | No | Using Web Sockets to stream binary or XML data | Yes, embedded or streaming binary data |
| Offline storage | Depends | Using Web storage or cookies to store binary or XML data | Using Local Shared Objects to store AMF-formatted data |
| Metadata | Meta tags | Can be included in meta tags | Extensible Metadata Platform |
Web browsers cannot render Flash media themselves, instead it is rendered primarily using the proprietary but freely available Adobe Flash Player. Until 2008, there was no official specification which was allowed to be used to create an alternative player. Alternative players have been developed before 2008, but they support Flash to a lesser degree than the official one.
The latest version of the Adobe Flash Player runs on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android 2.2-4.0.x (Flash has been released for 4.0, but Adobe has announced that they will discontinue support for Android 4.1 and higher.), RIM QNX and Google TV. Earlier versions run on PlayStation 3 (Flash 9), and PSP (Flash 6). Adobe Flash Lite runs on Wii, Symbian, Maemo Linux, Windows Mobile, and Chumby.
Apple does not allow Flash to run on iOS, the operating system which runs on iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch and Apple TV. Apple stated that it had no plans to do so.
In February 2012, Adobe announced it would discontinue development of Flash Player on Linux for all browsers except Google Chrome by dropping the support for NPAPI and using only Chrome’s PPAPI.
All web browsers support HTML and other Web standards to various degrees.
As of March 2011[update] versions of browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera implement HTML5 to a large degree. However, many Internet users continue using older browsers such as Internet Explorer 8 (the highest version available to users of Windows XP), so portions of the HTML5 specification do not work with a significant fraction of browsers still in use.
Flash Player usage statistics according to Adobe:
Some video sites, including YouTube, Vimeo and blip.tv, have implemented support for HTML5 video.
Until 2008, the use of Flash was covered by restrictive licenses. The conditions prohibited use of the specification to develop any software (including players) which could render or read (and thus convert) SWF files, and required the output SWF files to be compatible with Adobe’s players.
In 2008, restrictions on use of the SWF and FLV/F4V specifications were dropped, and some specifications were released. However, the “SWF File Format Specification Version 10” allegedly did not contain all the needed information, did not contain much information that hasn’t been previously known by the community, and itself could not be copied, printed out in more than one copy, distributed, resold or translated, without written approval of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Steve Jobs noted that Flash is not an open standard – it is controlled by Adobe Systems – whereas HTML5 is largely controlled by a committee (WHATWG) made up of three companies – Opera Software, the Mozilla Foundation, and Apple.
Various people have praised Flash over the years for rendering consistently across platforms. Constructing sites in Flash is a way to prevent code forking, whereby different versions of a site are created for different browsers.
Speaking at 'Adobe Max' in 2011, Itai Asseo likewise said that, unlike HTML 5, Flash offers a way to develop applications that work across platforms. HTML 5, he said, is currently implemented differently (if at all) by different browsers. Although the Flash browser plugin is not supported on the Apple iPhone OS, Flash applications can be exported to Adobe AIR, which runs on that operating system as a native application. In the same talk, Mr. Asseo lamented the return to another browser war (as seen in the late 1990s). If Flash falls out of favor, he said, web developers will either have to develop many different versions of their web sites and native applications to take into account different HTML 5 implementations, deny access to browsers that do not support their version of HTML, or dramatically reduce the functionality of their sites in order to deliver content to the least-advanced browser.
Constructing Flash websites using Adobe tools is relatively easier than with integrated development environments for CSS, HTML, and JavaScript; however, many of Adobe's tools are expensive and proprietary software.
Tools for HTML5 are just starting to come to market; in the meantime, Adobe has released a first version of a Flash-to-HTML5 conversion tool for existing content and are working on creating new tooling for HTML5 as well, like Adobe Edge.
Because HTML5 is an open format, tools like those for Flash can be built for it, too. Applications like Hype and Adobe Edge are already on the market.
Some users – especially those on Mac OS X and Linux – have complained about the relatively high CPU usage of Flash for video playback.[unreliable source?] This was partially because the Flash plugin did not use the GPU to render video. Adobe has responded to some of those criticisms in the 10.1 and 10.2 releases of the Flash plugin by offloading H.264 video decoding to dedicated hardware and by introducing a new video API called Stage Video.[unreliable source?] In addition, the use of the newer ActionScript 3.0 inside Flash movies instead of the older ActionScript 2.0 improves code execution speed by a factor of around 10. But older websites that use ActionScript 2.0 will not benefit from this. The software routines written by developers can also affect the performance of applications built in Flash, reasons that would affect HTML5 animations as well.
An HTML vs Flash comparison in 2010, listed non-Flash technologies as being slower than Flash when used for non-video animations, but in January 2012 some of them were faster.
Flash has the ability to specify measurements in sub-pixel increments. This can result in a crisper and generally more pleasant appearance of Flash web sites. When confronted with CSS and HTML measurements on a sub-pixel scale, web browsers will round either up or down, depending on the browser, which leads to inconsistency and unreliability in the display of those pages.
Flash offers webcam support, while HTML and related technologies did not until recently.[clarification needed]
There are, however, people working on adding "device support" (device API) to the HTML5 specification, which would allow for videoconferencing, access to webcams, microphones, USB-thumbdrives and other USB- or serial devices.
Flash includes DRM support.
HTML5 does not include any digital rights management functionality. Implementations can support DRM outside the scope of HTML, for example in codecs. The proposal to add DRM features to HTML5 itself has been criticised by those who consider openness and vendor-neutrality (both server- and client-side) one of the most important properties of HTML, because DRM is incompatible with free software, and in the proposed form potentially not more vendor-neutral than proprietary plug-ins like Flash.
Both Flash and HTML text can be read by screen readers. However, special care must be taken to ensure Flash movies are read correctly. For example, if a Flash movie is set to repeat indefinitely, this can cause a screen reader to repeat the content endlessly. If the user is using the WindowEyes screen reader, they can press ALT + SHIFT + M to stop the animation. Also, selecting the "Make object accessible" check box in Adobe Flash Professional will create a text-only version of the object for screen readers. It will also hide any motion from the screen reader. Since Flash content is usually placed on a single webpage, it appears as a single entry in search engine result pages, unless techniques like deep linking are used with libraries like SWFAddress to provide multiple links within Flash websites and web applications.
Both Flash content and HTML content can be indexed by Google, Yahoo!, and Bing, although bi-directional text (e.g.Arabic, Hebrew) is not supported by Google. Yahoo! added support for indexing Flash sites in 2008, although Google had been able to index them for several years before that. Bing added support for Flash sites in 2010.
Apple has been promoting HTML5 as an alternative to Flash for video and other content on the iOS, citing performance reasons for not allowing Adobe Flash Player to be installed on iOS devices, including the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad. Flash applications can be packaged as native iOS applications using the Adobe Integrated Runtime and the iOS Packager.
|work= and |newspaper= specified (help)|archiveurl= requires |url= (help) on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2008-01-05. "You may not use the Specification in any way to create or develop a runtime, client, player, executable or other program that reads or renders SWF files."|archiveurl= requires |url= (help) on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-11-29.|lang= ignored (help)
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